大慶降水(shui)工程提醒您關于井址的選擇,應從水(shui)量(liang)、水(shui)質(zhi)及便于防護和使用等方面加以考慮(lv)。為了防止污染,水(shui)井應盡可能設在地下水(shui)污染源(yuan)上(shang)游,地勢高燥(zao),不易積水(shui),周圍20-30m內無滲(shen)水(shui)廁(ce)所、糞坑等污染源(yuan)。
打井(jing)的(de)構造
井(jing)(jing)(jing)底用(yong)(yong)(yong)卵石(shi)和(he)粗砂鋪墊(dian),厚約(yue)0.5m,上(shang)(shang)設一塊多孔水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥板,以(yi)便定期淘洗(xi)。井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁可(ke)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)磚、石(shi)等材料砌成(cheng)。井(jing)(jing)(jing)底以(yi)上(shang)(shang)高(gao)約(yue)1m的井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁,外周(zhou)充(chong)填厚30-60cm的沙(sha)礫,以(yi)利地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)滲(shen)入(ru)(ru);離地(di)面(mian)1-3m的井(jing)(jing)(jing)壁,周(zhou)圍應(ying)以(yi)粘(zhan)土(tu)或水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥填實,內(nei)面(mian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥沙(sha)漿抹平,以(yi)防污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)滲(shen)入(ru)(ru)井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)。蘇(su)州鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)井(jing)(jing)(jing)臺(tai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不透水(shui)(shui)(shui)材料,半徑1-3m,以(yi)便于排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。井(jing)(jing)(jing)欄一般高(gao)出地(di)面(mian)0.3-0.5m,以(yi)防止污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)濺入(ru)(ru)和(he)地(di)面(mian)垃圾塵土(tu)等被風(feng)吹入(ru)(ru)井(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei),并保證(zheng)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)方便和(he)安全。井(jing)(jing)(jing)口最(zui)好設蓋,如能修(xiu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)棚或圍墻,則可(ke)防止禽畜接近(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)(jing)。公用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)設公用(yong)(yong)(yong)桶,并保持桶底清潔。建議盡可(ke)能做成(cheng)密封井(jing)(jing)(jing),裝置(zhi)手壓或腳踏式或電動式抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵,既(ji)方便取水(shui)(shui)(shui),又可(ke)防止污(wu)染。
鉆井機包括活(huo)(huo)動(dong)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)體、主(zhu)工作(zuo)(zuo)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、固定(ding)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、卷(juan)揚(yang)機、油(you)缸、變速(su)箱、泥(ni)漿泵(beng)、吸(xi)氣(qi)系統等組(zu)成,其中主(zhu)工作(zuo)(zuo)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)設(she)置(zhi)滑(hua)道板(ban),滑(hua)道板(ban)開有(you)(you)長(chang)孔與(yu)圓孔,分別套接在(zai)固定(ding)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和活(huo)(huo)動(dong)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)的(de)轉(zhuan)軸上(shang)(shang),蘇(su)州鉆井固定(ding)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)焊(han)有(you)(you)固定(ding)滑(hua)套,分別套在(zai)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)立(li)柱上(shang)(shang);活(huo)(huo)動(dong)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)油(you)缸的(de)端(duan)(duan)頭鉸接,油(you)缸外殼與(yu)固定(ding)支架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)鉸接;變速(su)箱和泥(ni)漿泵(beng)通過(guo)法蘭相連(lian)接,再經過(guo)滑(hua)套安裝在(zai)主(zhu)工作(zuo)(zuo)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang),變速(su)箱空心軸下(xia)端(duan)(duan)與(yu)鉆井桿相連(lian),上(shang)(shang)面對準泥(ni)漿泵(beng)的(de)進口(kou),主(zhu)工作(zuo)(zuo)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)設(she)置(zhi)滑(hua)輪組(zu),卷(juan)揚(yang)機和鋼絲(si)繩。
以(yi)上(shang)(shang)所講的活動構架工作臺面(mian)上(shang)(shang)開有一小圓孔,圓孔邊(bian)緣無二段圓弧板,做成兩(liang)個(ge)長槽,鉆井機一端設置凸臺與長槽相結合,穩固鉆桿。